Thursday, April 24, 2008

Mukkulathor or Mukulathaar (Tamil: முக்குலத்தோர்) is used to refer to the trinity of ancient Tamil royal lineages. It can be roughly translated as "people of the three clans", a reference to the three aristocratic clans (Kallar, Maravar and Agamudayar) which have supplied the Tamil country with most of its royal dynasties and warriors.

Clans

The Kallar, Maravar and Agamudaiyar communities constitute the Kshatriya or warrior class of Tamil Nadu, South India. They are all believed to have originated from an ancient people called Kalabhrar.

[edit] Kallar

Kallar (Tamil: கள்ளர்) is one of the three communities which constitute the Mukkalathor confederacy. European eyewitnesses of the 18th century have made mention of Kallars as "a fearless tribe show many signs of independence and non-submission to any form of subjugation". They were expert soldiers and constituted the bulk of Chola and Pandya armies.

One of the principal weapons of the Kallars is the boomerang. This has evoked comparisons with the Australian aborigines and vouch for the theory that Kallars were one of the earliest people to inhabit the Indian subcontinent. The principal occupation of Kallars is farming.

Kallars are found largely in Madurai, Sivagangai, Pudukkottai, Thanjavur, Trichy, Theni and Ramanathapuram districts of Tamil Nadu. One of their popular deities is Kallazhagar who is a warrior form of Lord Thirumala or Venkadavan.

There are various sub-castes of Kallars, amongst whom the Ambalakarar is the most important. They were a warlike people who strongly resisted every British attempt to subjugate them. They are found in Madurai and Sivaganga districts. In these districts, each village is headed by an Ambalakarar (president of an assembly) and the Ambalakarars took upon themselves the power to adjudicate disputes that arose among the inhabitants in the "nadu", belonging to different castes. They used to hear complaints, hold inquiries and punish the offenders. They wielded considerable powers to intervene in any kind of transaction or transfer of property among the people. No land could be alienated from one man to another without the permission of the Ambalakarars. Another important Kallar subcaste is the Piramalai Kallar. They are highly conservative and have preserved their customs and traditions to the present day. They are also believed to be the oldest inhabitants of the Tamil country with reports of their presence going back to Tamil literary works of the 4th century B.C. They are found mainly in the districts of Madurai and Theni. Their popular deity is Amman, the Mother Goddess.

It is believed that the Maravar, Agamudayars, Thanjai Cholarkula Kalla Nattars, Pandiya Vellalars, Chola Vellalars, Chera Vellalar, Vellala Mudaliyars, Agamudaya Mudaliars, Conjeevaram Mudaliars and, Udayars have all descended from Kallars.

[edit] Maravar

Maravar (Tamil: மறவர்) are one of the oldest social groups to be mentioned by the Sangam Tamil literature. This indicates an association with the Tamil land which is at least 2,000 years old. The writers of the Sangam Age place them in rural settlements withdrawn from cities. Maravar, in Tamil, means a warrior. Maravars are the courageous breed and were involved in the major wars that Tamilnadu witnessed.

Other historians postulate that Maravar is derived from Tamil language term Marutham (called as Thinnai). They originally lived in (See Ancient Tamil country). The name of the city Madurai is also postulated to be derived from Maruthai and honorific title of local Pandya kings.

[edit] Agamudayar

Agamudayar (Tamil: அகமுடையார்) also known as Agam Padaiyar or defending soldiers (or in pure Tamil, Agam udayar meaning: Agam - prestige, Udayar - having) indicating a specialization as soldiers or rulers. Agam can also be compared with heart, (as in "Agathin Azhagu Mugathil Theriyum"), and can be interpreted as, "people with a good heart". Although their name is attested later in literature, they and the culture is indigenous to the area and are ancient in origins. Thevars of Ramanthapuram district are given the title Servai.

Some believe these castes formed as part of military formation of Kallap-Padai or hustlers, Marap-Padai or soldiers and Agap-Padai or defenders, There is lot of evidence has been put forward towards this theory. One among this is chola king raja raja who has udayar surname married a vellala girl of kodumbalur velir there son was called as rajendra chola.

'கள்ளர் மறவர் கனத்ததோர் அகமுடையார் மெல்ல மெல்லவே வெள்ளாளரானார்'

[edit] History

[edit] Origins

There are diverse theories with regard to the origin of Mukkulathors.

Dr Spencer Wells and Dr. Pitchappan have found an ancient DNA marker in the blood of Kallar that links them to the very first modern humans who migrated out of Africa about 60,000 years ago and travelling through the southern coastline of Asia had eventually reached Australia. Based on this theory, it is assumed that the Piramala Kallars are the oldest human inhabitants of the subcontinent. Yet, this is an isolated case found only among the individuals of the Kallar caste.[citation needed]

[edit] The Nayak Period and the Polygars

The downfall of the Mukkulathors occurred in 1345 with the fall of Vira Pandyan IV and the subsequent conquest of Madurai by the Delhi Sultanate. However, the southern territories of the Sultanate soon asserted their independence and the Mukkulathors recovered under the Vijayanagar Empire and later under the Nayak dynasty during whose period they served as Polygars or chieftains. The Nayaks were actually governors appointed by Vijayanagar kings and were Naidus of Telugu origin. Later, after the fall of Vijayanagar, they established some measure of independence in the provinces which they governed and appointed individuals from the warrior Mukkulathor clans as their military chieftains and governors. After a century of peace and prosperity, the Nayak kingdom disintegrated and regional Polygar chieftains most of whom were from the Mukkulathor communities, making use of this opportunity, established their dominance and rule in the areas which they governed. However, just as their sun was in its ascendancy there arose a serious obstacle in the form of the British East India Company who desired to force the Polygars into submission and annex their territories to the Madras Presidency.

[edit] Freedom Fighters and the Polygar Wars

There was a clash of interests between Mukkulathor Polygar chieftains seeking to recover their lands after 400 years of foreign rule and the British East India Company, an emerging power seeking to expand its influence and power into new territories and to arrest the growth of French influence in India ahead of the Seven Years War.

The first direct challenge was thrown by Puli Thevan in 1755. This was precipitated by the support the British East India Company lent to Puli Thevar's enemy, the Nawab of Arcot. Puli Thevar is remembered as the first king to have fought and defeated the British in India. His exploits have since become legendary.

Resistance to British rule was also offered by Padal Vellaiya Devan who fought the British along with Kattabomman. His son Desakaval Senbaga Devar is also remembered for his exploits.

Queen Velu Nachiyar, Queen of Sivaganga, is another noted personality who fought with the British during early British Era.

The Maruthu Pandiyar brothers are notable for their role in the Polygar Wars. They were eventually captured by the British and hanged in 1801.

[edit] Surnames

The surnames used by the kallar people are Ambalakarar, Servai, Vandaiyar, Thalaivar, Nattaar (not Nadar), etc. Women use the title Nachiyaar and it is a general practice in Southern Tamil Nadhu to address a Thevar woman as "Nachchiyaar".

The Kallars of Dindigul, Trichy, Thanjavur, Theni, Madurai, Sivaganga, Pudukottai and Ramnad Districts have very distinct surnames. Some of the most common names are Sendapiriyar, Alathondamar, Ambalam, Aarsuthiyar,Kaadavaraayar, Kalingarayar, Vandaiyaar, Thanjaraayar, Chozhangaraayar, Kandiyar, Pursaar, Vaanavaraayar, Mazhavaraayar, Pallavaraayar,Ponnapoondar,Pullavaraayar, Servai, Karaimeendar,Vanavarayar,Vairayar,Ponpethiar,Gopalar, Thondaimaan, Thevar, Kandapillai, Vayaadiyar, Vanniar, Nattar, Alankara Priyar, Munaiyatriyar,Keerudayar, Saaluvar, Manraayar,Kaadavaraayar, Madhavarayar, Onthiriyar, Serumadar, Vambaliar, Thenkondaar, Mankondaar, Kaaduvetiyaar, Sozhagar, Chozanga Nattar etc. There are over 700 surnames in use.

There is a group of Agamudayars in Northern Tamil Nadhu (Thiruvannamalai, Vellor, Arani, Arcot).They migrated from Madurai in 17th century. They have other surnames like Udayar,Mudhaliyar, Arcot Mudhaliyar[1] and Thuluva Vellalar. Not That much Marriages happen between people with the same surname.

[edit] Religion

They are traditionally Hindus although some have become Christians. Today they constitute a significant part of the Tamil community in India, Sri Lanka, and in other parts of the world.

[edit] In Inscriptions

Inscription, from 1655, records an accord between the Sthanathar, the Chetti merchant community, and the Nattar to contribute fifty Kalanju of gold to the Elunattu Mutt at Chidambaram. Link [2]

[edit] Current Status

Although a great many of the members are still agriculturalists, many have also progressed up the social ladder as doctors, engineers, entrepreneurs, politicians and civil servants. Large number of people from the community are serving the nation as military men. Large number of people serving the tamilnadu police department.

[edit] The code of suicide by warriors or maravars in ancient tamilnadu

Avippali, Thannai, Verttal, Vallan pakkam, Pun Kilithu Mudiyum Maram and Marakkanchi: the forms of martial suicide and suicidal battle of the warrior as the ultimate expression of his loyalty to his commander. These six forms of martial suicide are defined as described by the works referred to above.

Pulla Vazhkai Vallan Pakkam – the martial attitude of the warrior who goes forth into suicidal battle is mentioned by Tholkappiyam. The other works refer to it as Thannai Verttal. Duarte Barbosa describes the practice among the Nayar (of the Chera kingdom). It was later noticed by British officials as well. It was also prevalent among the Maravar (of the Pandya kingdom) from whom the suicidal Aapathhuthavi bodyguard was selected. Thannai Verttal also refers to the suicide of a warrior on hearing that his king or commander has died (Purapporul Venpa Malai). Punkilithu Mudiyum Maram is the martial act of a warrior who commits suicide by tearing apart his battle wound.

Another form of martial suicide mentioned by all the works except Veera soliyam, is Avippali. Tamil inscriptions speak of it as Navakandam. Inscriptions found in many parts of Tamilnadu provide greater information on the practice. Navakandam is the act of a warrior who slices his own neck to fulfil the vow made to korravai – the Tamil goddess of war – for his commanders’ victory in battle. The Kalingathu Parani(10) – a work which celebrates the victory of the Chola king Kulotunga and his general Thondaman in the battle for Kalinga, describes the practice in detail. “The temple of korravai is decorated with lotus flowers which bloomed when the warriors sliced their own necks”(106); “they slice the base of their necks; the severed heads are given to the goddess”(111); “when the neck is sliced and the head is severed, the headless body jumps with joy for having fulfilled the vow”(113).

The epics of Chilapadikaram (5: 79-86) and Manimekalai (6: 50-51) mention the practice. To ensure the complete severing of the head, the warrior tied his hair to a bamboo bent taut before he cut his neck. Hero stones depicting this practice are found all over Tamil Nadu, and are called Saavan Kallu by locals. The warriors who thus committed suicide were not only deified in hero stones (saavan kallu) and worshipped but their relatives were given lands which were exempted from tax(11).

An area handbook (Tharamangalam) of the Tamilnadu archeology department notes that “the Nava Kandam sculpture which is found widely all over Kongu Nadu (Coimbatore, Salem) is to be seen at the Tharamangalam Kailasanathar kovil also. The people call it Saavan Kallu. “The practice of Nava Kandam existed in Kongu Nadu till the early part of this [i.e., 20th] century.”(12)

A Saavan Kallu at Thenkarai Moolanatha sami Kovil in Madurai, depicting the act of a warrior holding his hair with his left hand and slicing his neck with his right – 14th century – is said to be annually worshipped by the Conjeevaram Mudaliyars.(13) The Conjeevaram Mudaliyars are Kaikolar, a presentday weaving caste which was militarized under the Chola empire and was made into a special military body; there are indications that Kaikolar warriors practiced Nava Kandam(14).

Apart from these codified forms of martial suicide, a method called Vadakkiruththal is mentioned in Tamil heroic poetry. It is the act of a warrior king fasting to death, if some dire dishonour were to come upon him(15). The Tamil teacher, and the Dravidian propagandist, turned the song of the legendary Chera king Irumborai who committed suicide when he was taken captive by his enemies into a compelling theme in Tamil renaissance.

The Avippali form of martial suicide as the ultimate expression of loyalty to one’s commander, is deeply embedded in the Tamil psyche. Senchorru-kadan (the debt of red rice) is a phrase that is widely used today by Tamils as an expression of loyalty. One frequently hears of it in a popular Tamil song. The phrase sands for the ritual of partaking of rice by which Maravar and other Tamil military caste warriors bound themselves to their king or commander to die in suicidal battle for him, or to commit suicide on the day he was slain. Of Avippali, the Puraporul Venba Malai ([verse] 92) says, “thinking of nothing but the red (blood) rice the Maravar give their life as offering in battle.”

The ritual of red or blood rice was described by two Muslim travellers who had visited the Tamil country in the 9th century. “A quantity of cooked rice was spread before the king, and some three or four hundred persons came of their own accord and received each a small quantity of rice from the king’s own hands, after he himself had eaten some. By eating of this rice, they all engage themselvesto burn themselves on the day the king dies or is slain; and they punctually fulfill their promise.”(16) In modern times it has been observed that “when a Maravar takes food in the house of a stranger, he will take a pinch of earth and put it on the food before he commences his meal.”(17) This act freed him from the debt of blood rice.[3]

Some also committed suicide by eating bricks.

[edit] Other version

Kallar, Maravar, Agamudaiyar basically are the Pandiya and chola caste who ruled the pandiya nadu and chola nadu.

Kallar mainly lived and are still populas on the northern pandian territory or Thanjavur, Thiruchirappalli, Dindugal, Madurai districts.

Agamudaiyar formed the police force and did security jobs. They bascially stood guard for Temple, Farm lands, Nadan hamlets. They are called servai in Thirunalveli, Thoothukudi districts. Maruthu Sagothararkal are marked for their guard of Kalayar koil against the war with British. They are scaterd all thro Pandiyan Territory mainly to all temple cities.

"In Madurai - West Masi Street,their community people formed a AGAMUDAIYAR ARAN(Maruthu pandiyar mandram)"

Maravar are brave warriors who met head-on. They lived and are still populas on the northern Pandian Territory next to Kallar belt in the districts of Ramnad, Madurai, Raja Palayam, Thirunelveli. They shared the ruling titles of Pandiyans for their bravery. Raja of Ramnad is the fact for this.

When the pandian suffered defeat at the hands of Nayaks and Muslims of Vijayanagar Empire, These 3 castes stood guard and gave their life in protecting the assets of Madurai Meenakshi temple and its chain of temples down south. They retained the pandian control and still are dominant in the southern pandiyan districts of Tamilnadu.

[edit] Movies

Many Tamil movies have portrayed the royalty, valour, pride, culture and practises of the Mukkulathor and most of the movies did well at the box-office. Some of them includes

[edit] List of Prominent Mukkulathors

U.(Pasumpon) Muthuramalinga Thevar, one of the icons of the Freedom Movement, is credited with unifying the Kallars,Maravars and Agamudayars and reforming the Mukkulathor social system
U.(Pasumpon) Muthuramalinga Thevar, one of the icons of the Freedom Movement, is credited with unifying the Kallars,Maravars and Agamudayars and reforming the Mukkulathor social system

Although this list attempts to enlist the prominent Mukkulathhors, this is to state that this list is not exhaustive and is hence bound to miss-out the 'more' prominent Thevars as well.

Raja Raja Chola
Raja Raja Chola

[edit] Royalty

  • Arulmozhi Thevar @ Rajaraja-I, South Indian Emperor, who ruled entire south India, Orissa, Part of the Bengal, Maldives, Srilanka, Malaysia, Java, Sumatra, Indonesia, Andaman. Who controlled a largest navy in the world. The world still remembers him for his best administration & his Big Temple
  • Most Pandiya kings (e.g., Nedunchezhiyan)
  • Most Chola kings (e.g., Rajaraja Chola)
  • Vallal Paari
  • Earlier Chera Kings
  • Sethupathis of Ramnad
  • Vaalukku Veli Pandiya King
  • Thondaimans of Pudhukottai

[edit] Present day kings and queens

  • Charubala Thondaiman of Pudukottai
  • Maduranthaki Nachiar of Sivagangai
  • Duraichi of Nerkattum saeval
  • Sivagnana Pandian of Sayalgudi
A Pandya king and queen worshipping Lord Shiva
A Pandya king and queen worshipping Lord Shiva

[edit] Writers and Journalists

  • Pandithurai Thevar,Founder of fourth tamil sangam
  • Thirugana Sambantha Kavirayar(poet of Ramanathapuram)
  • Thirumangai Azhwar
  • Thiruvalluva Thevar(alias Mailai Kilar)
  • Arunmozhi thevar(alias chezkilar(Mudali) or uthama chola pallavaraiyar)
  • Nakkeera thevar
  • Meikanda thevar
  • Thiruthhakka thevar
  • Pulavar Na. Mu. Venkadasamy Nattar - Tamil language & History Researcher
  • Devaneya Paavanar - Tamil Scholar & Researcher
  • Ilakuvanar-Tamil scholar
  • Kavi Perrasu Vairamuthu,famous Tamil poet and star lyricist
  • Dr.Maraimalai,M.A.,Ph.D.,Tamil Scholar and researcher
  • Pattukkottai Kumaravel-written more than 1000 dramas.
  • M.Natarajan, Puthiya Parvai Editor
  • Pulamai Pithan

[edit] Freedom Fighters

Statue of the Great Maruthu Pandiyar Brothers
Statue of the Great Maruthu Pandiyar Brothers

[edit] Politicians and Administrators

  • late P.Manickam (Vandaiyar)Ex.MLC (two terms) State Secretary, communist party of India, Editor Janasakthi, Tamarai Weekly
  • Late Ayyanan Ambalam, Leader of Forward Block Party
  • LG (Break away MDMK)
  • Nallakannu, Communist leader
  • Sasikala Natarajan
  • Natarajan
  • Late.G.M.Premkumar Vandayar, Founder Mooventhar Munnettra Kazhagam,Chidambaram.
  • Dr. N. Sethuraman, MMK, Founder of Meenakshi mission hospital, Madurai
  • Sridhar Vandaiyar, Mooventhar Munnettra Kazhagam
  • Dr.BT.Kumar, founder,Dravida Vizhipunarchi Kazhakam
  • Actor M.R.Karthik Leader,TN AIFB
  • Thamizhachi thangapandian,poet and a budding politician
  • Late V.Nadimuthu pillai Ex MP,Ex MLA,Dt Board Chairman. Pattukkottai
  • Azhagu Thirunavukkarasu, Ex-Minister,
  • C. Mahendran, Communist Party of India
  • SDS @ SD Somasundaram Gopalar, Ex Minister
  • Gopalswamy Thenkondar, Ex. M.P.

[edit] Ministers of Central Government

[edit] Ministers of State Government

  • O. Panneerselvam Former Chief minister of TN
  • Late, Anbil Dharmalingam
  • Mannai Narayanasamy Former
  • Alagu Thirunavukkarasu
  • K.C.Mani Minister for Cooperation
  • I.Periyasamy, Minister of Law
  • Thangam Then Arasu, B.E
  • Suba. Thangavel
  • Pon. Muthuramalingam, B.A, B.L, Ex-Minister.
  • Late thiru Pasumpon Tha Kiruttinan - Ex-Minister
  • MR.Thangapandian Ex-minister
  • S.Thirunavukkarasan M.P
  • N.Nainar Nagendran M.A Ex Minister
  • K.Ayyaru Vandaiyar Former
  • A.M.Paramasivam Former
  • Durairaj Former
  • R.Vaithiyalingam Ex Minister

[edit] Members of Parliament (M.P)

  • E. M. Sudarsana Natchiappan M.P
  • L.Ganesan BA, BL, MP,
  • T.T.V. Dinkaran, M.P.,
  • R.V.Swaminathan Ex M.P
  • Dindigul Seenivasan Ex M.P
  • O.S.Manian Ex Rajyasabha M.P
  • Thanga Tamil Selvan M.P
  • R.Kamaraj Ex M.P
  • Poondi K.Thulasi Ayya Vaandaiyar Ex M.P
  • Singaravadivelu Ex M.P
  • Tiruchi Siva M.P
  • Rajan Chellappa Ex M.P
  • K.Maaya Thevar From Ex M.P Usilampatti
  • P.V.Rajendran Ex.M.P
  • Dr.V.Rajeshwaran Ex.M.P
  • Shri V.N.Swaminathan Ex MP

[edit] Members of Legislative Assembly (M.L.A)

  • Chellapandian (former tn assembly speaker 1962-1967)
  • Sedapatti Muthiah (former tn assembly speaker 1991-1996)
  • K.Kalimuthu (former tn assembly speaker 2001-2006)
  • R.Avudaiyappan B.L.( tn assembly speaker 2006 onwards)
  • S.Kathar Batsha (a) Vellaisamy Thevar (Ex-MLA Muthukulathur)
  • P.Moorthy (M.L.A, Sholavandan)
  • V.Karupasamy Pandian
  • N.MalaiRaja M.A.
  • A.K.Bose
  • Rama. Subhuramaniyam B.Sc
  • Thiruvadanai KR.Ramaswamy
  • A.Tharmalingam Ex
  • Atthani S.Kalaimugan
  • M.S.K. Satyendran Ex M.L.A
  • Late M.S.K Rajenthiran Ex M.L.A
  • V.G.Manimegalai Ex.M.L.A
  • Late, Anbil Poyyamozhi
  • S.Gurunathan Ex
  • K.Kittu Ex M.L.A
  • K.Thangamuthu Ex M.L.A
  • P.V.Rajendran Ex M.L.A
  • M.Dhandayuthapani Ex
  • Late. P.N. Vallarasu, MLA
  • Late P.U.Shanmugam Ex-Minster
  • R.Singaram Ex M.L.A
  • T.Vediyappan Ex-M.L.A.
  • R.Sridharan Tiuvannamalai Municiple Chairman.
  • J.Anbazhagan Ex-M.L.A
  • Kalairajan B.A,B.L.,M.L.A
  • Late S.Angamuthu Naicker Ex M.L.A
  • N.R.Rengarajan,MLA
  • M.Meenakshi sundaram vedaraniyam
  • M. Ramachandran B.A, B. L Ex MLA

[edit] Mayors of Tamilnadu

  • Smt. Charubala thondaiman, Mayor, Trichy
  • M. Anbalagan B.A., Deputy Mayor
  • P.M.Mannan, Deputy Mayor, Madurai
  • K.Muthu RamaLingam, Deputy mayor, Nellai
  • karate thiyagarajan ex. deputy mayor of chennai
  • S.Viswanatha Pandian, Ex Depty Major,Nellai

[edit] Judges

  • Justice RathnaVel Pandian, Supreme court Judge and Chairman of V pay commission
  • Justice A.Ramamurthy, High Court of Madras (retired)
  • Justice Ramalingam , High Court of Madras (retired)
  • Justice S. Rajeswaran, High Court of Madras
  • Justice S. Suguna, High Court of Madras
  • Justice Nagamuthu, High Court of Madras

[edit] Civil services

  • Malaichamy, I.A.S, also served as State Election commission officer in India.
  • Palanichamy, Tamil Nadu State Election Commissioner
  • Ponnu Swamy , DSP Vegilenence and AntiCorrecption Tamil Nadu
  • Rajendran, I.A.S, Tamil Development, Hindu Religious and culture & Information public relation
  • Ayyar Sollai, I.A.S
  • Ramalingam I.A.S
  • Vivekanadan I.A.S
  • Ramramasundaram I.A.S
  • Arumugam, I.A.S
  • S.Rajarathinam I.A.S
  • Karpurasundara Pandian I.A.S
  • V.Palanisamy I.A.S
  • S.Karuthaya Pandian I.A.S
  • N. Sivanesan, I.A.S
  • U.Subramanian, I.A.S
  • Sivasubramanian, I.A.S
  • N Balachandran, I.A.S
  • S.N.Karupanan, I.A.S
  • A.N.Dhyaneswaran, I.A.S
  • V.S.Rajhan, I.P.S
  • D.S. Panjabagesan I.P.S
  • Pon Paramaguru, I.P.S
  • Sivanandi.P I.P.S
  • Periyaiya, I.P.S (villupuram S.P)
  • Velladurai, Encounter specialist
  • ThamaraiKanan, IPS
  • Patcha Thani Manickam S.P retired
  • E.Masanamuthu, I.P.S
  • Sankara Vadivelu, IRS, Customs & C.Excise
  • Xavier ,DSP Nellai
  • K.Palanichamy, ADSP, Tiruvallur
  • Chandra Bose, DC
  • Pon Manickavel, S.P
  • Kaliyamoorthy, S.P.

[edit] Scientists and Academicians

  • Dr.I.Singaram, Registrar, Madurai Kamaraj University
  • Late Dr.Vedaiyan,B.E.,(Hons),Ph.D.,Dean of Technology, Anna University
  • Late Shri.S.Sitaram B.A.,Bsc(hons).,LTM.,AMCT., Director National Textile corporation,coimbatore.
  • Dr. (Major) D. Raja, Former Vice-Chancellor of the TN Dr. MGR Medical University
  • Dr. M.Rajagopal M.S Ortho {former dean kilpauk medical college}
  • Dr. N Mohandoss, IMA President, Thanjavur
  • Prof.Dr. V.Varadarajanjan,pioneer surgeon,Former IMA,IMC,ASI President, Thanjavur

[edit] Business

  • S.Sivakumar,Industrialist& Director-LGB,Coimbatore
  • S.Karthikeyan M.S.,MBA Director in Engineering, Yahoo India.
  • P.Palanisamy (PRP groups-granites,roadways,exports)
  • Paul Pandian, Founder of Axes Technologies
  • Avudayanikottai P.Karuppaiya
  • M.V.Muthuramalingam, Chairperson, Velammal Engineering College
  • Solaimalai thevar, Ambiga groups
  • MJF.Ln.Leo Muthu Sri Sai Ram Engineering college
  • K.Maruthupandiyan, Chairperson Maruthupandiyar College of arts and Science
  • Arunachalam (chairperson -Student Xerox)
  • S.Murugan,Vasan's & Om Group of Companies, Thiruvanaikoil, Trichy
  • Prof. P. Murugesan, Chancellor, PRIST UNIVERSITY, Thanjavur

[edit] Movies, Film and Arts

[edit] Artists

Chevalier Sivaji Ganesan
Chevalier Sivaji Ganesan
  • Late Sankarathaas Swamikal Naadaka Thanthai
  • Actor Chevalier Sivaji Ganesan
  • Chinnappa Thevar, Producer, Founder of Thevar films
  • Late actor R. Muthuraman
  • Actor S.S.Rajendran
  • Actress Manorama,Guinness World Record holder for acting in the maximum number of movies [More than 1500]
  • Late actor O.A.K. Thevar
  • Thiru. A. Ramiah Thevar, President - Indian Film Chamber of Commerce
  • Music director Chandrabose
  • Actor Karthik Muthuraman
  • Actor Prabhu Ganesan
  • Actor Arunpandian
  • Actor S. S. Chandran
  • Actor Rajesh
  • Actor Sangili murugan
  • Actor Chandrasekar
  • Actor Manoj bharathiraja
  • Actor Periyakaruppu thevar
  • Actor J.K.Rithesh
  • Actor 'Kakka' Radha Krishnan
  • Actor 'Kallapart' Natarajan
  • Actor Late. Nagaraja cholan
  • Actor Vivek
  • Actor Senthil
  • Actor,director S. J. Suryaah

Directors

  • Director Bharathiraja
  • Director Bala
  • Director Kathir
  • Director Susi Ganesan
  • Director T.P. Singampuli
  • Director T.P.Gajendran
  • Director Krishna
  • SFX Director Trotsky Marudu
  • Painter Pugalendi
  • Director Viji
  • Rambo Rajkumar
  • Cinematographer Chezhiyan
  • Art Director Late. A. Chella

References

See also

External links

69 comments:

news for general said...

Very good blog thanks for sharing.
-------------------
Sujatha

Anonymous said...

ada paavingala.... kallar oda kula tholil kalavu nu oorukae theryum... ulavutholilum portholilum seithavargal peyar mallar... deveneya paavanar devendra kulam.... thevar illa.... paakuravan kena paya na carrom board ah kandupidichadhu muthuramalingathevar nu solluvinga pola..... andha muthuramalingam ae oru kudumban enum devendra kulathai sernthavar thaan..... enna thaan thevar thevar nu sollikitu oora aemathunalum..... thevar jeyanthi annaiku muthuramalingam endra devendran munnadi mandi potu kumbudringa.... ipo puryuda DEVENDRAN yaaru nu..... oru tamil literature la kooda thevar peru illa.... MALLAR enum INDHIRAN vali vandha vendhan parambaraiyaam Devendrakulathai pathi matumae paadirukanga.... unga reel ah vera engayadhu ootunga...

Anonymous said...

1000 varusham aanalum adima(mallar) adima than da..

Anonymous said...

Thambi, Kallan enral kalavani illa. Kalponra irumpu nenjam padaithavan enpathe athanalthan innaikum veera paramparaya valthindirukkom. Niraya payaga ippadithan thappa purinjinturukkanuga. Pakka padicha paya mathiri theriyudu konjamavathum thiruntha parungada. Oorkurivi ennathan uyara paranthalum athu parunthakatuppa

maruthupandian said...

enna than devendra kula vellalar aanaulum pallan pallan than....
muthuramalinga thevar pota pitchaila than enniku pala kudumboam oodikitu eruku mr.anonymous..(pera solla kuda thairium ella ---------pasanga)

maruthupandian said...

muthuramalinga thevar onnum pallano,parayano ella --- ---- o kidayathu...
"AATI PADAIKIRA THEVAR COMMUNITY DA"
enga veera kula thilaham da anonymous..
neenga devendrannu sonna nanga summa poiduvoma.. history a olunga padi

Anonymous said...

In director's list M.A.THirumugam name is not included.May i know why?

Unknown said...
This comment has been removed by the author.
Anonymous said...

communitiya solli theriavendiadhu llla mukkulathor veeram . aanda paramparai

Harshaiyyer said...

i m Harshaiyyer Archology from delhi

dear Devar people your not king or worries people ,your business is (toldlil) steel its called thirudu so your not worries,aftermath how you have become king or worries ,its Turl y your not worries only your theft its true ,if you believe the true details you go to out of Tamilnadu your caste belong to sc ,first your sc people so don't Critisise other community

Anonymous said...

Harsh iyer ur right ......
kallar mean robber ...
i think thevar robber and dacoits in ancient time
frm
kavin devendran

Anonymous said...

Harsh iyer ur right ......
kallar mean robber ...
i think thevar robber and dacoits in ancient time
frm
kavin devendran

Appanad said...

I dont understand y a Iyer fellow posing as an Archaeologist has such an interest on this topic. Mr Harish you are a utter fraud. No body has to talk about the greatness of Thevars. We have done been there kinds. We are the valours..we were the kings and we were the warriors..everybody knows...yes we are denotified tribes of india..because of the British conspiracy..so please dont talk about our caste and deeds that we done...We(Mukkulathors)were the Saviours the Destroyers and the Gaurdians..

Anonymous said...

"mallar ennum innam varir palli iruvarukku oru palla kanavan" written in mookodar pallu.mallar mammallapuram built by thondaiman and pallava prince bodhidharman who is grandson of indrayan and indrayan grandson of karikala cholan.there is many evidence supports pallar are mallar but no evidence supports kallar are devar.I am not pallar and I belong to caste of devendrakulathan sc no 14.we are only true descendants of chera,chola and pandiyas.maravar is pandiyan king army soldier only.

Anonymous said...

"mallar ennum innam varir palli iruvarukku oru palla kanavan" written in mookodar pallu.mallar mammallapuram built by thondaiman and pallava prince bodhidharman who is grandson of indrayan and indrayan grandson of karikala cholan.there is many evidence supports pallar are mallar but no evidence supports kallar are devar.I am not pallar and I belong to caste of devendrakulathan sc no 14.we are only true descendants of chera,chola and pandiyas.maravar is pandiyan king army soldier only.

Anonymous said...

varalaru sollum unmai .yar venalum enna venalum irundhutu po . but sapatuku jadhi soru podadhu irukura konjanalavadhu nalladhae sei nalladhe ninai.manidhanai ne manidhanai paar pinbhu paar unnai potrum

Anonymous said...

I appreciate your thoughts. I have no persona l enemity for thevars or devendra kula vellalars. Both are half brothers anyway. God has not created men on castes. We are divided as caste Hindus. Its our utter cheap mentality to divide people. Credits to brahmins for their varna system.

Anonymous said...

I was wondering how people rewrite history so blindly that a community (kallars,maravars)which was listed as "kutra parambarai" by the government. Later was denotified. That's why you are under DNC(denotified community) and now claim as warriors. Endha oorlayavathu mallar seerthirutha palli iruka? Aana enga oorla "Kallar seerthirutha palli(school) iruku. Idhukumelayum vilakam thevaiyillainu ninaikuren. I'm not anonymous I'm proud to be a kudumban father/agamudaiyar mother intercaste lineage.

TamilSelvan Pandiyan said...

Periyambalam, Iraguseri-630314, Devakottai, Sivagangai district.

Itha address.
Vanthu inga pundungu!
Kallan da! Vaanga panjayathu pannikalam.
Illa address uh podu, varom naanga. thevudiya pasangala

Anonymous said...

History ku meaning theriyathavunga plz dnt post your comments here,its true that they were listed as "kutra parambarai", its only because the blood fought for freedom of tis mother nation. British rule panina timela yarelam jaila irunthanga theriyuma, all great souls who fought for freedom, subash chandra bose kadaisi vara india kula vara vidama British treated him as a criminal, you guys know why he died for indians freedom. Anaithu suthanthira porata thiyagigalum ipadi thaan nadatha patargal, so avungalum "kutra parambarai" nu soluvengala Mr's.. thevar magal

ranjithkumar said...

Hiiii my dear friends. ...yen nama thevi illama sandii pottukittu. ..nall ultimate ah thing pannunga. ....ellarum ottrumaiya unity ah erupom. ...intha arasiyal vathigal than people's ah wrong ah kondu poranga. ...matham and community rethiyil thing pannamal manitha thanmaiya thing pannuvome. ...ulagam vegama alinjichitu varuthu. ...ellame nalla ottrumaiya valvome. ....be positive thing ...my dear brother's and sister's. .....

Unknown said...

This lines I am like.

Unknown said...

Hey i have doubt pls clear it muthuraja belongs to our community because they are using in the name of ambalakarar

Johnson Jesuraj said...

Nan UDAYAR

Anonymous said...

இங்க வந்து வரலாறு சொல்லும் அனைத்து தோழர்களுக்கும்.... இது இவிங்க blog. இங்க இவிங்க போட்றது தான் வரலாறு. எல்லாம் ஒரு self- obcession தான்.. நம்மள வம்புக்கு இழுக்காத வரைக்கும் நாம நம்ம வேலைய பாத்துட்டு போவோமே..

Anonymous said...

sagotharaa.. kalvimaangalum,pengalum siruvargalunkooda ungal pathivugalai paarvayidalaam.
inimelavathu vaarthaip pirayogangalai avathanamaga pagirvathu thamakkum nam thamizh samuthayathirkum nanmai payakkum.
im ajan from eezham.

Unknown said...

Yenda archologynu solra nee konjam geneology pathi therijuko m130 genedhan worldla first man gene andha gene indialaye madhuraila vaalra kallargaluku mattumdhan iruku. Also it says those gene people are sounds brave and bold. These people are also found in Africa and Australia. This is proven science go and learn. As you mentioned you are iyer we all know iyers are aryans who are not basically belongs to India. First you go out of India. Vellakarana thorai ayyanu kooja thookunavanellam iniku uyandhavanu solikran. Naanga ilena neenga inum vellakaranu koojadhan thookripinga.

Unknown said...

Avane oru sombu avanuku nee somba idhellam oru polapa!

Unknown said...

Super tamilselvan sir. Kallanu naama perumaya solvom yevan yenatha sonalum nammala pathi namaku theriyum, nammakuda sanda poda mudiyama Sattam potu adakuna andha britishkaranu theriyum. Ivanga yevanaachum pallanu perumaya solla solungalen paapom vanniyanu pirapaye maathi sollikiranga thairiyamilladhavanga.

Unknown said...

Super tamilselvan sir. Kallanu naama perumaya solvom yevan yenatha sonalum nammala pathi namaku theriyum, nammakuda sanda poda mudiyama Sattam potu adakuna andha britishkaranu theriyum. Ivanga yevanaachum pallanu perumaya solla solungalen paapom vanniyanu pirapaye maathi sollikiranga thairiyamilladhavanga.

Unknown said...

Avane oru sombu avanuku nee somba idhellam oru polapa!

Anonymous said...

See your history by yourself https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kallar_(caste)
Kallar means "thief" literally which is your profession by the way.
Indians fought for freedom not thevars / mukkulathors.
Not only thevars were rulers. Every caste & community has their ruling period in tamilnadu.
Adhanala ellorumae aanda parambaraidhan.

Unknown said...

Thever are canagiyars thambi... Like devantherar lik tht no caste is thr.. Just known abt purananuru thr maravar name is thr.. In thirukural also abt maravar is thr..

Unknown said...

super nalla pathivu niraya visayangal nanri

jothiraj

coimbatore

Anonymous said...

Hi TamilSelvan,

we are from madurai.if you give your address.This doesn't represent you are brave and we are coward.if you want to know about our braveness,first learn mallarKabam a brave sport played by mallars.Then you can speak about braveness.

Anonymous said...

Hi veera,

you may be right.There will not be name called devendrar but can you pls tell me there is no caste name called mallar=maravar + ulavar.In the history,there was kalabhras who captured pandian kingdom and ruled for some centuries which is called dark age.after kandukan pandiyan captured the kingdom under kalabhras along with help of pallavas.Even after that kandukon pandian saw the braveness of kalabhras and named them as maravars and given the position in pandian army.This is the story of maravars.But during the pandian kingdom was subdued by nayaks.you people joined them and helped nayaks to bring the pandian kings and peoples under the control of nayaks.
This is where the clash came between pandiyans and his peoples against mukkulathors.

Mani kandan said...

Palli(vanniyar...) parayan(right +left systom) ganathathore agamudiyar mella mella vellalan aannan check purananuru sir

Unknown said...

Very useful information. I need Government Order, which ordered that Mukkulathor called as THEVAR. Ganesh

solutions fro you said...
This comment has been removed by the author.
Unknown said...

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Unknown said...

best maravar matrimony in tamilnadu visit: maravar matrimony

Unknown said...

best kallar matrimony in tamilnadu visit: Kallar matrimony

surajgenetics said...

Namaskar am, I Suraj KC thiyyar, Kannur Kerala.there is any genetic relationship between Kannur thiyyar community and the var community,,, from Suraj KC,energysuraj@gmail.com

rajakarthipillaimar said...

Naan karthi Pillai,Vellalar caste, Madurai.Enakku therinja alavukku maravars are kings and pure Kshatriya clan of Tamils.Athan antha kalathileye oru pazhamoli undu "Veeram vilaintha MaraThamilan". Avunga British vara varaikum soldiers,kings a than irunthanga.Aprm than moththa Tamil nade vivasayathukku maaritom.Avunga warku pogum pothu avunga saathiya kapatha oodala antha naatila irukka elathukakavum than sanda potanga.Namma atha mindla vachukonum.

rajakarthipillaimar said...

Yaaru enna soonalum thevan thevanthan,pillaimagan pillaimaganthan mathavanga mathavanga than.Ithu Ethana ayiram varusama analum maatha mudiyathu

Anonymous said...

vanga karthi

supera sollurangaiga,innum pandiyar maduraila irukanga.

Meenakshi amman kovil parivattam oru kudumbanukku ,palani parivattam john pandiyanukku,Coimbatore patteswarar kovil parivattam - devendranukku,tenkasi vishwantar kovil parivattam - devendranukku,dindigul kovil - parivattam,thiruchedur pallar madam ,palamedu,avaniyapuram jallikattu mudhal mariyathai,thiruparamgundram parivattam.
innum inthalam pandiyanakku pallanukku.Chera Chola devendranukku atharam katta ready.nee intha kovilukku poga mattanu promise panriya.Tamil murugan ,sivana kobuda mattan promise panirya.eg.Search first palani parivattam in google then come here promise if you can

rajakarthipillaimar said...

Oru 4000 varusathuku munnadi,gangai natula varatchi vanthapo ellarum parvathi ammana kumbutanga apo parvati Amman gangai aathu manila manitha bommaigal maathiri panni vachu,athuku uyir kuduthanga ,athanala than engalukku PILLAIMAAR pattam.GANGAI NATTLA irunthu vanthatha nala than GOUNDER pattamlam.Avunga gangai aathula vantha vellatha adukkuna thala than engalukku VELLALAR pattam.SIVANA kumbudura urima mathavungala Vida engalukku than athigam.Athanala than MENNATCHI AMMAN KOVIL muthakondu Tamil natla neraya koilukku VELLALAR castla irundhu mattum ADHEENAMA varanga,athu eluthapadatha sattam.Innamum meenatchi amman koil adheenam sothu ellam enga alunga Kaila than irukku.Iyer nenacha kuda adheenam aaga mudiyathu.Naan en THEVAR castukku supports pesurena en friends neraya Peru THEVAR than,avunga en valkaila mukkiyamana nerathila elam,enakku supporta ninrukkanga,naan avungalukkunu ethuvum senjathila Ana verum friends avlothan.

rajakarthipillaimar said...

Oru 4000 varusathuku munnadi,gangai natula varatchi vanthapo ellarum parvathi ammana kumbutanga apo parvati Amman gangai aathu manila manitha bommaigal maathiri panni vachu,athuku uyir kuduthanga ,athanala than engalukku PILLAIMAAR pattam.GANGAI NATTLA irunthu vanthatha nala than GOUNDER pattamlam.Avunga gangai aathula vantha vellatha adukkuna thala than engalukku VELLALAR pattam.SIVANA kumbudura urima mathavungala Vida engalukku than athigam.Athanala than MENNATCHI AMMAN KOVIL muthakondu Tamil natla neraya koilukku VELLALAR castla irundhu mattum ADHEENAMA varanga,athu eluthapadatha sattam.Innamum meenatchi amman koil adheenam sothu ellam enga alunga Kaila than irukku.Iyer nenacha kuda adheenam aaga mudiyathu.Naan en THEVAR castukku supports pesurena en friends neraya Peru THEVAR than,avunga en valkaila mukkiyamana nerathila elam,enakku supporta ninrukkanga,naan avungalukkunu ethuvum senjathila Ana verum friends avlothan.

Anonymous said...

4000 munnadila irunthu nerai books our poets created .Can you give a book with name of castes pillaimar,Gounder or any vellalar caste name.Mallarnum name illatha book illa nanga katta ready.are you ready?.Sivan is pandiyan king and mururgan is son of pandiyan king.Naan devendrakulathan - chera,chola,pandiyaruda ratham.unakku kovil veliya than mariyadhai enakku kovilukku ullaiya mariyathai.eg.Meenakshi amman kovil devendrar poojai.inimel don't speak something without knowing the history.

Anonymous said...

U ppl blindly speaks proud about devar and making them up leading others all down.. speak unity .. in reality not all devars are rich not all other caste ppl are poor.. oly the mankind determines u.. u are not going to die with the caste name rather with a good name which u earn in this life.. better earn good names.. rather encouraging these devar caste or others which kills others life..

And u man tamilselvan who are u.. share ur address to policeman he will prove u the braveness wich u have.. behave like a human not like an animal.. be an indian idiots just bcoz of u all india going in wrong way..

asd said...

then history says lord shiva is a paraiyar?
could anyone answer for this?

Unknown said...

Hello friends I'm from Chennai but my father from aranthangi. We are belongs to arsuthiyar pattam. I'm searching for my kula deivam. Can anyone help me. How to find out my kula deivam.

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Brahmin in India is divided into various groups and communities. The Tamil community is one such sub group of Brahmin. Most of the community members are found in the state of Kerala. The members of this community are also spread in other parts of the country. If you are planning to marry, you will surely find bride or groom of this community in a free matrimony website. Mudaliyar Matrimony
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infomatrimony said...

Tamil Matrimonial
Simplicity is reflected in any Tamil matrimony. The Tamil community are an Indian ethnic group originating from the present state of Kerala in India. Most of these community members stay in the state of Kerala, although some are also working outside the country. The community is strongly rooted in their traditions and customs and this is reflected in the Tamil matrimony
About the Tamil community
Brahmin in India is divided into various groups and communities. The Tamil community is one such sub group of Brahmin. Most of the community members are found in the state of Kerala. The members of this community are also spread in other parts of the country. If you are planning to marry, you will surely find bride or groom of this community in a free matrimony website. Mudaliyar Matrimony
The Tamil community rituals
Tamil weddings are easy and short. They have very few rituals with much lesser religious compulsions. A conventional wedding in this community happens in a nearby temple, the residence of the bride or any other venue convenient to both the parties. Free Matrimony Site
The internet has changed our lifestyle. There are various online portals specifically designed for Tamil and Mudaliyar Matrimony. You will find thousands of suitable profiles on this website, both from country and from people settled in various parts of the world. The members of the community can register on these online matrimony sites which are completely free of cost. These online matrimonial sites on Tamil community doesn’t share profile details with other registered members. They also verify their member’s details. The Tamil matrimony sites also provide numerous privileges to their premium members such as email alerts etc Best Tamil Matrimony

Unknown said...

Does any one knew where S pon nagu amman thanga naguamman kula deivam temple pls

Unknown said...

Does any one knew where S pon naguamman thanga naguamman temple

Anonymous said...

Hi Harsha iyyer actually you yourself do not belong to india i
guess, you came along with goats and cows from Persia right.. So maybe you might not know much about our thevar community.

VILMEENKODI said...

VILLAVAR AND BANAS

WAR AGAINST NAGAS

Kalithokai an ancient Tamil literature describes a great war fought between combined armies of Villavar Meenavar against Nagas. In that war Villavar Meenavar were defeated and Nagas occupied central India.

NAGA MIGRATION TO SOUTH

Various clans of Nagas migrated to south India and Srilanka especially to coastal areas.

1. Varunakulathor(Karave)
2. Guhankulathor (Maravar, Murguhar, Sinhalese)
3. Kurukalathor (Karaiyar)
4. Paradavar
5. Kalabhras (Kallar, Kalappalar, Vellalar)
6. Ahichatram Nagas (Nair)

These Nagas were the main enemies of Villavars. Nagas sided with Delhi Sultanate, Vijayanagara Naickars and Europeans colonial rulers and opposed Villavars, leading to Villavar downfall.

KARNATAKA'S BANA AND VILLAVAR ENMITY

Despite having common origins Karnataka's Banas and Villavar were enemies. Kerala was occupied by Banas from Alupas Pandyan Kingdom of Tulunadu (Banapperumal) in 1120 AD.

Balija Naickers occupied Tamilnadu in 1377 AD.
Chola Pandyan kingdoms of Villavar were occupied by Balija Naickars (Bana descendents of Mahabali, Banajigas) of Vijayanagara empire.

END OF VILLAVARS

The invasion of Malik Kafur in 1310 led to the defeat of Pandyan dynasty. Villavars were massacred and all the three Tamil kingdoms came to an end.

KARNATAKAS PANDYAN KINGDOMS

Karnataka had many Banappandyan kingdoms

1. Alupa Pandyan kingdom
2. Uchangi Pandyan Kingdom
3. Santara Pandyan kingdom
4. Nurumpada Pandyan kingdom.

Karnataka Pandyans used Kulasekhara title also.

ANDHRAPRADESH

Bana kingdoms of Andhra

1. Bana kingdom
2. Vijayanagara kingdom.

FLAGS OF BANAS

Early
1. Double Fish
2. Bow-Arrow

Late
1. Bull Crest
2. Monkey crest (Vanara dwaja)
3. Conch
4. Wheel
5. Eagle

Travancore Kings had Conch Insignia on their flag because they were Banas from Alupa dynasty Karnataka.
Sethupathis had Anumakkodi or Hanuman flag (Vanara Dwaja) because they were Vanathirayars from Kalinga.

VILMEENKODI said...

VILLAVAR AND BANAS

BANA AND MEENA

In the Northern India Villavar were known as Banas and Bhils. Meenavar were known as Meena or Matsya.

NORTH INDIAN BANA CLANS.

The North Indian Banas had the titles Bana, Bania, Vada Balija, Agni, Vanni, Tirgala etc.. North Indian Banas had merged with various communities such as Jats, Rajputs. Some Banas had become subservient to Rajputs and Aryan rulers. Some Banas had adopted bow and Arrow making as their profession.

PALLAVA BANAR.

Pallava kings had migrated from the ancient Uttara Panchala country (Uttarpradesh and Nepal) to Andhra in 200 BC. The capital of Uttara Panchala country was Ahichatram. Pallava kings were Brahmins belonging to Bharadvaja Gotra and were descendents of Aswathama but had mixed with a Parthian dynasty. With Pallava kings, an army of Banars who had jungle cutting as profession, migrated from the Panchala country to south india.
These Prakrit speaking Bana clans from Panchala country had the titles Vanni, Thigala (Tirgala) and Vada Balija. Pallava occupied Tamilnadu in 275 AD. Bull insignia of the Bana clan was on Pallava flags. Pallava capital Mahabalipuram was named after the ancestor of Bana dynasty, king Mahabali.


MEENA

Meena clans of Rajasthan mixed with Bhil clans to form Bhil-Meena dynasties. Meena ruled Rajastan until 1030 AD. Alan Singh Meena Chanda was the last great ruler.

BANAS

A Bana dynasty was founded by Pallavas at southern Kosala kingdom at Chatisgarh and Odisha in 731 AD with capital at Pali. Vikramaditya I Jayameru was the last king.

PANDYA DYNASTY OF TIKAMGARH

Bana clans with Pandya title ruled from Kundeshwar as capital in Madhyapradesh.

BANA TRADERS

Banas transformed themselves into successful business community. Balijas formed various trade guilds such as Anchu Vannam and Manigramam and controlled trade. This trader-Warriors were the Balija Naickers. Balija closely resembled German Hanseatic League. Balijas belonged to the Bana kingdom (Vaduga country) of Andhrapradesh.

Conclusion

Thus Pandyas are not present in Tamilnadu alone. All the Pandyans mentioned in Mahabharatham are not from Tamilakam alone. Some Pandyans supported Pandavas while others supported Kauvravas. Banappandiyans ruled whole of India. Some Banas used Pandya title . Others did not use Pandyan title. With Bana mixture various kingdoms emerged. North Indian Bana kingdoms declined after the invasions of barbaric foreign invaders such as Saka and Huna.

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Villavar Malayar Vanavar Sangam age coin.

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